For this assignment I should l... free essay sample

For this assignment I should like to provide a fictional case study, portraying the counselling of a client who is dealing with issues related to fear and sadness, I will then consider how the clients problems could be caused by the sociocultural climate within which they are surrounded. The case study will be focusing upon issues such as culture, gender, race and sexuality, looking at the usefulness of recognising the importance of sociocultural issues when considering an individuals distress, with culture, sexuality and race being the main focus of the study. I will be using a person-centred approach as my counselling technique, as this is considered to be a more open-minded approach, relating sociocultural issues to the client.Approaches to counselling are constantly evolving as therapists continue to try and help their clients resolve issues that are causing distress. While fear and sadness are said to be naturally occurring human emotions that form part of life, society has be come aware of the negative side effects of stress, and clients are either encouraged or feel compelled to seek out help before their lives are completely consumed by these issues, which may then cause a severe decline in their mental health. We will write a custom essay sample on For this assignment I should l or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My study is based upon a gay, 28-year-old woman of mixed race, who suffers attacks of anxiety when in the company of men, the result of a domineering and intimidating father and verbal abuse from strangers, regarding her sexuality.Bethan is 28 years old, of mixed race from the south east of England, currently living in London, having moved 8 years earlier when she was offered a job with a well-known firm. She has referred herself for counselling in order to seek help with her anxiety issues.Bethan informed me that she is from a working class background but when she moved to London she started to live a very middle class lifestyle, something she felt very uncomfortable with, Bethan explained to me that after 5 years of living this way, she realised that she was gay, resulting in her no longer seeing a casual boyfriend and leaving her job so that she could start a new life within the gay community. Bethan tells me that her parents, Mother Jamaican, Father English, are supportive of he r decisions, neither Bethan nor her parents follow any religion.Bethans father is an intimidating, controlling and dominant man and she now suffers verbal and at times physical abuse from males, she feels this is because she is gay. Her father has always dominated the family, intimidating her mother most of all, because of her fathers treatment towards her mother Bethan became her mothers carer and protector, offering love, reassurance and emotional support through the difficult times, this support was never reciprocated and has left Bethan feeling vulnerable and frightened, She says that in general, her fear of males is vast and she believes the lifestyle that she is now living is causing the fear to be increased, because most of the abuse now suffered is from, males. Bethan also tells me that she also feels out of place within the gay community, due to her being of mixed race, growing up she was always rejected by black and white people because she didnt fit in completely, and now that she is a mixed race lesbian, she feels she is being rejected twice.In todays society we have hierarchical views regarding sexuality, gender status and class, Being normal consists of being heterosexual, white, able bodied etc We dont often see that aspect of our identity, but in other groups we may be all too aware of it ( Barker, M. 2010 pg.214)It has been argued by multicultural and LGBT affirmative therapists, these norms are present in mainstream psychotherapy, As we are aware, the majority of todays psychotherapy approaches have come from the western world and the minds of heterosexual men, Barker questions, Can counselling therapies and practices be usefully applied to people outside these groups without reinforcing the notion that that their members are le sser or problematic ? (Barker, M. 2010 pg. 215) In response, we could argue that the therapists and counsellors of today are just that, of today.However, Barker also states that, in todays society, the majority of counsellors are white, heterosexual women, as is the bulk of the clientele, With this in mind, how easy can it be for other people to access counselling ? or to even experience it without power differences between counsellor and client being exacerbated in ways that would be extremely unhelpful ?Ours is a modern world and we are fully aware of many of the sociocultural aspects which accompany it, we are all individuals, but when attempting to treat clients as nothing but, the experience of being an individual can become lost. Some more traditional approaches to therapy have been criticised by multicultural and LGBT affirmative therapists for their stances – It is said that they regularly fail to see how important culture, gender and sexuality are. (Barker, M. 2010 pg. 212)An industry, psychotherapy and counselling are evolving, moving with the times, keeping everything relevant for all clients, in order that therapists are not seen as useless However many available counsellors still subscribe to the original ideals, meaning that multicultural and LGBT style therapists are not so readily available and these clients feel a though their needs are not being met.This being illustrated when a lesbian is asked about her sexuality when a heterosexual woman wouldnt be, or when a white man looks at himself in a mirror, he doesnt see a white man, just a man. Whereas a black man will see black because he believes that this makes him different, we could argue that if he chooses to focus on the fact that he is black, then he is choosing to feel different, this leads us to think that if they focused elsewhere, then theyre skin colour would not be an issue.Unfortunately, Bethans skin colour was point of focus for her, being of mixed race she wasnt accepted by either ethnic group, making life lonely and scary for her. In Laudets (2005) study, Barker discovers many links between depression and people of mixed race – It was found that there was little support or guidance for them growing up, which left them feeling not good (Barker, M. 2010 pg.219)I feel it would be difficult for people of mixed race to open up to others about their problems, however loving and caring their parents might be, they couldnt fully understand, as they themselves might not be mixed race. As Barker indicates, it is vital that as counsellors we react upon assumptions and beliefs held about culture, race and class etc so that we may approach with an awareness of what we bring, personally, and how people of all cultures and identities should be treated – When a client is the minority within our society, it is imperative that we try to have an understanding of how this has an impact on them, as it would be related to their experience of fear and sadness (Barker, M. 2010 pg.212)If I were Bethans counsellor, I w ould do my very best to ensure that she felt as comfortable as possible inn the therapy room. I would, at first, attempt to build a rapport with Bethan, in the hopes that I would gain her trust. I would suggest two to three one to one therapy sessions with myself in order for me to understand clearly, the cause of her distress and then if she were willing, gradually introduce her to group sessions, starting with fellow females from minority groups and then, slowly introducing males to the group, all of whom would be of various cultures and identities each with issues of their own. I would suggest to Bethan that she spend eighteen months, dividing her time between the group therapy sessions and one to one progress meetings with myself.Bethan wanted to avoid traditional therapies, so, I felt she would benefit from a person-centred approach. The humanistic approaches to counselling draw upon the values and ideas of humanistic psychology also known as the third force in psychology because it emerged as a reaction against the mechanistic, reductionist and determinist theories of the two prevailing psychologies in the mid-twentieth century, behaviourism and psychoanalysis (Bark er, M. 2010 pg.103)While working with Bethan I would be thoughtful and kind, hoping she would see my willingness to grow and learn with her as well as to help relieve herself of her distress. As Bethan came to me with multiple issues, her father, being mixed race and now being gay, I would encourage her to start at the point she feels is the most significant to her. Bethan makes a point of telling me that she has always felt unaccepted because she is mixed race, Rogers argues that humans have a basic need for approval (Barker, M. 2010 pg.109) Bethan feels neglected and isolated because she was denied this need.Bethan is confused about her feelings and suffers from a very low self-esteem, she keeps her hair cut very short and wears trousers most of the time. Bethan tells me that she is often mistaken as a male, which she does not mind. She knows that she is female and does not want to change her gender, however, since joining the gay community she feels as though she is being forced to behave in a more masculine way. As Bethans counsellor I feel that having a masculine persona helps her to feel safer and more in control, I believe her early experiences with males, namely her father, has taught Bethan that in order to have control you need to be, or at least behave, male. This assignment consisted of a fictional case study, detailing how a gay 28 year old mixed race female has been affected by issues concerning her race, sexuality and gender, also the issues caused by her family and community. I chose a person-centred approach for Bethan because she has spent her life under one label or another and I felt that a person-centred approach would offer a refreshing and positive change for her, with its label free approach. For people in similar situations as Bethan, sociocultural issues often relate to personal issues and in this case study I have looked at how to maintain an awareness of the clients issues, as well as how the client is affected by these issues. I have shown how I, as Bethans counsellor would work through these issues with her and have explained why I think therapy, including group sessions would help her.The ability to be able to recognise diversity and to be sensitive to cultural differences is a very important tool for effective and meaningful counselling. The necessity of this becomes obvious when there are cultural differences between counsellor and client. As counsellors we should assess our own views of the world and our awareness of different cultures before trying to help others. We can not begin to help people like Bethan unless we first accept and understand our own cultural differences.

Cosmopolitan essays

Cosmopolitan essays In todays world, we have magazines for all different areas. We have Playboy, Hunting and Fishing, Highlights, Sports Illustrated, Better Homes and Gardens and many other magazines for many different types of people. We have all these different magazines because there are a vast variety of people and opinions. I chose to write on Cosmopolitan. Cosmopolitan focuses mostly on the female public. It has articles on topics from makeup and perfume to wrinkle cream and sex drive. This is a magazine that focuses on women, and the validity of this statement will be proven in the following information. Cosmopolitan carries many advertisements throughout its pages. The majority of these articles are for womens perfume. The magazine has articles for Clinique Happy, NOA, Goodlife, jadore, and Organza. These are just some of the many perfume advertisements in this one issue of Cosmo. Women, who are the focus of Cosmopolitans publication, see these articles and just like many people become interested in the product being advertised. Marketing personnel for these companies make millions because they know that to get their message to the people who will buy the product, they need to put the advertisement in places where its users will see it. In Cosmo advertisers see it to be wise to advertise products such as makeup and other body cosmetics, such as wrinkle creams and hair treatments. They see it to be wise because Cosmopolitan is a magazine that is generally for women, and these are feminine products. The makeup colors range from the lightest of skin tones to the African-Ame rican persuasion. These articles assure that no one is left out of the advertising blitz. The stories in Cosmopolitan are more focused on women that the advertisements. Stories such as, You know he loves you when... and How to touch a naked man stand out as two female directed articles. C ...

Conducting an Environmental Analysis Assignment

Conducting an Environmental Analysis - Assignment Example g all the time, it becomes increasingly difficult for the administrator to understand them and work to ensure that they do not affect the competitiveness of the organization. Moreover, Healey and Marchese (2012) note that it is unrealistic to expect hospital administrators to be aware of all these changes, specifically those changes that impact on the environment of the hospital. Therefore, as administrators continue to manage internal factors that influence their hospital facilities, Ginter et al (2013) ask whether it is realistic for the same administrators to be cognizant of their external environment at the same time. The answer to this is that hospital administration requires not only the management its internal confines, but also anticipation and management of factors and trends on the outside that impact the hospital’s operations and competitiveness. Changes in the political and economic environment, which are external to the hospital, need to be evaluated by the administrator for them to understand how they will impact the strategy and competitiveness of the hospital. The political environment is dynamic and constantly changing. For example, every hospital administrator is aware that the briefs received from state agencies, along with the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare result in substantial requirements for paperwork that must be understood, assessed, addressed, and implemented (Noh et al, 2011). However, there are also other political forces that are not directly linked to the healthcare sector that could portend formidable impact on the hospital’s environment. Elected officials and special interest groups may not view the issue at hand, such as obesity, from the same perspective, normally espousing competing and diverse interests. Moreover, the partisan agenda of the Republican and Democratic Party also have to be f actored into the assessment of the hospital’s environment, particularly because the party that holds a majority has the political

Global warming Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global warming - Thesis Example The major controversies surrounding global warming, include - skepticism regarding the change in climate beyond natural variations; questionable evidences against the factors responsible for global warming as well as the likely scope and extent of its impact; effectiveness and validity of the strategies suggested to combat global warming and for reducing carbon footprints; and the estimated size, effect and consequences of the phenomenon. Skeptics have raised serious concerns and questions regarding the scientific consensus about the effects of global warming as well as the adequacy of facts and evidence supporting the theories of global warming. The debates and cynicism regarding the far reaching effects of global warming are large observed among the policy makers and political spheres, rather than within the scientific communities. Furthermore, doubts have also been raised regarding the causes of global warming. According to some the main cause of global warming is yet to be explor ed while others consider it as a natural phenomenon while yet others consider human activities, responsible for the phenomenon. There are various arguments put forward by skeptics, and the same have been rebutted with facts and evidences in the following section, thus further substantiating and reaffirming the fact that global warming is indeed real and not a myth, contrary to rising opinion. Criticisms and Rebuttals: 1. The earth is not warming, instead, it has cooled down over the past decade: According to the skeptics, the earth is not warming, as claimed by the scientists and even if it is, the extent of damage as predicted by them is over exaggerated. They further claim that there exists data / scientific evidence which suggest that the earth is in fact, cooling, rather than warming. It is further stated that the planet was warming during the 20th century but the warming had stopped over a decade ago, and the Earth has been cooling ever since 1998 (Singer & Avery, 2007). This i s supported by the fact that the periods between December 2007 and November 2008 have been the coldest periods of the decade (Singer & Avery, 2007). It is argued that although the earth may not be cooling, but the evidence claiming that the earth is warming, is not credible and holds no relevance. Rebuttal: Although the evidence showing that the average temperature has fallen during the decade holds relevance, but the same, does not prove that the earth is cooling. The differences in temperatures is mostly because of the factors used for comparison, for instance, the year 1998 which was used as a base, was the hottest year of the century. Contrary to the claims made by the skeptics regarding â€Å"cooling of the Earth† the planet never stopped warming. The temperatures during the year 1997 were hotter as compared to that in the year 1995, while 1998 soon surpassed 1997 to become the hottest year of the decade, which in turn was replaced by years 2002 and 2003. According to NA SA, the year 2007 was the hottest year of the century on record. All these reports clearly show that the temperature is constantly rising, with no signs of slowing down (Casper, 2009; Robinson, 2007; Singer & Avery, 2007). 2. Statistics related to surface temperatures are unreliable and are blown out of proportion. The crisis

Video games Essay Example for Free

Video games Essay â€Å"What Video Games Have to teach us about Learning and Literacy† I’m sure that we all are, or were at one time, around video games whether we were playing the game or someone we know was playing. Most adults think children spend too much time playing video games. I know my mom is constantly yelling at my 10 15-year-old brothers to get off. My mom thinks that video games for so long will eventually ruin their eyesight. My brothers are video game addicts. My brothers always complain when my mom tells them to get off. Maybe my mom is wrong about video games. Maybe they could actually help my brothers. James Gee has a different thought than my mom and most parents. James Gee is also a father of his 11-year-old son, which made Gee â€Å"immigrate† to the world of video games. James would sit there with his son and play with him, until one day he decided that he would play on his own. After playing by him, James realized that there is a lot more to video games and they can actually in a way be positive. James sees video games as a way for children to use their brains. You have to learn how to play the game before you play it or else you will not be able to move forward in the game. Most games have a goal that you have to learn how to get there. By the children learning how to play, it is positive and in scary way actually benefits the children even though parents would never think it. Gee and Prensky’s views are similar. In Prensky’s essay he says that he thinks it would be the right time for us to advance our educational system because as we can see, technology is now a big part of our generation and it is only going to grow. Prensky referred to the students of the world today as â€Å"digital natives† because we grew up with digital technology. Growing up into the world of technology made us adjust and get used to using it so quickly. The teachers don’t know as much as the â€Å"digital natives† (students) do about new technology. In my opinion, I think technology is a great thing in the world today. As a student in college, technology plays a huge part. I use my computer for 99% of my schoolwork. I use it in class, to take notes, for homework, for research, to print, etc. I’m sure I am not the only one that doesn’t like to read, so instead of us students using the library to use books for research, we can do it on our computers. I personally do not play video games and cannot see myself sitting there like my brothers for countless hours learning how to play. I definitely do agree with Gee, and can see video games benefiting people of all ages.

War PropagandaPast, Present and Future Essay -- Essays Paspers

War PropagandaPast, Present and Future Part 1: An In-depth Look at War Propaganda Propaganda consists of the planned use of any form of public of mass-produced communication designed to affect the minds and emotions of a given group for a specific purpose, whether military, economic, or political. -Linebarger, Paul Myron Anthony In every aspect of life, there tends to be a desire to have others see things the way we see them. In theory, if we all share the same views and opinions, we can unite for common goals. Propaganda consists of a communicators objective to impose or manipulate a person, or group of people into adopting his ideals. Perhaps the most common place that Propaganda is used is during times of war. Given the choice, most people would most likely not express a love for war. Some are passionately against it, others, though not in love with the idea, support it when it’s necessary. Due to the raw nature of war and people’s reactions to it, there seems to be some force working to mask the negative feelings towards war and unite people in support of it. With regard to war, the purpose of propaganda is to make a particular group of people forget that another group is human. By focusing on a few, simple target ideas that reinforce the notion that another group of people are harmful and inhumane, propaganda is able to unite people in an unrealistic mindset. Understandably, however, governments have a priority to nurture the morale of its people and the armed forces that represent it by intimidating the enemy with the force of natural will. The question of whether or not we choose to accept this harsh reality remains ambiguous, as there will always be two sides to the argument. So as it stands, it is... ...11. Starick, Paul. Iraq War Propaganda; War of Words- the Battle for Hearts and Minds. The Advertiser. March 29, 2003. 12. http://www.disinfopedia.org Propaganda Versus Democracy 13. www.globalissues.org Shah, Anup. War, Propaganda and the Media. August 2004. 14. www.independent.org Horten, Gerd. Radio Goes to War: The Politics of Propaganda World War II. 15. www.medialens.org Miller, David. Eliminating Truth: The Development of War Propaganda 16. www.onlinejournal.com 17. www.propagandacritic.com 18. www.socialistworker.org Pro-war Propaganda Machine. March 2003. 19. www.stentorian.com/propagan.html Levinson, William A. An Introduction to Propaganda. 1999. 20. www.truthout.org Morgan, David. Critic Accuses Media of Aiding US War Propaganda. May 2, 2003. 21. www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk

Marijuana Legalization Outline

The Legalization of Marijuana Thesis Statement: The legalization of marijuana in the United States would create a drastic change by forming a more productive society through all of the positive uses of cannabis, physically, economically, and socially. I. Examination of the plant A. The other common names—hemp, cannabis, bud, and weed B. Society’s views on the plant are very stereotypical 1. Known as harmful, deathly, and hazardous 2. It is said that one’s attitude can be alarming and harmful to others C. Marijuana can be consumed in baked goods, vaporized, or even brewed 1. Brownies can be cooked with marijuana . Tea or coffee can be brewed with the plant D. THC is the main chemical 1. The amount can be regulated 2. It determines the strength of the high E. Marijuana has been proved to help and cure many diseases and health problems 1. Glaucoma, epilepsy, arthritis, chronic pain, and depression can be cured and prevented with the use of marijuana 2. Marijuana can even help one with aids II. Past legality in the United States A. At one point in time, it was 100% legal 1. It was one of the largest agricultural crops in the world 2. The first law to exist in the U. S. was a law demanding the U. S. armers to grow hemp B. In 1920, cannabis, hemp, and marijuana became illegal 1. It remained illegal until World War II 2. In 1948, all forms of marijuana were illegal again and still remains to be illegal. III. The United States’ debt and taxation A. As of February of 2013, the national debt was $16,797,828,899,087. B. The death rates are more common for other abused substances 1. 50,000 people each year die from alcohol poisoning. 2. More than 400,000 deaths are attributed to tobacco smoking. 3. There are zero deaths related to the use of cannabis. C. The amount of Americans who smoke is substantial . 25 million Americans smoke marijuana in the past year. 2. More than 14 million people smoke regularly. D. Enforcing marijuana prohibition costs taxpayers an estimated $10 billion annually. 1. More than 750,000 individuals are arrested per year 2. The amount of money taxpayers pay to equip the state and federal prison facilities is substantial and would decrease with the legalization of marijuana IV. Regulations in stores vs. on the streets A. Cigarettes and alcohol are monitored 1. One must be 18 to purchase any tobacco product 2. One must be 21 to purchase an alcoholic beverage B.Marijuana is sold on the streets to anyone who wishes to purchase it 1. The legalization could help prevent the smoking of underage teens 2. Crime rates would decrease, as well as drug cartels V. Dangers A. Studies of the harm to the body caused by marijuana 1. It shows no sign of brain cell damage 2. Not one case of lung cancer has been found caused solely by marijuana B. Overdose will not occur if one smoked too much 1. One would have to smoke 750 joints in about 20 minutes 2. One wouldn’t die from smoking marijuana where the death would be caused from carbon monoxide poisoning VI.California A. Decriminalized Marijuana 1. California was the first state to decriminalize it 2. The crime percentage dropped by 24% VII. Legalization in Colorado and Washington A. Illegal to anyone under the age of 21 1. An adult can legally possess up to 1oz of dried marijuana, 16oz of marijuana solids (edibles), and 72oz of cannabis infused liquids 2. Minors are still arrested and/or charged and will face sentencing B. Public consumption would remain a violation in both states, but a civil, not criminal, one 1. Crime rates have decreased 2. Debt has decreased