Plato’s Unwritten Doctrines from a Hermeneutical Point of View* :: Philosophy Philosophical dialogue Essays

Platos Unwritten Doctrines from a hermeneutical Point of View*ABSTRACT In this paper, I will show the deep roots of dialogue in Platos thought, in order to examine the validity of the so-c entirelyed esoteric Plato. The confrontation between dialogicity and unwritten doctrines is the main theme of this article. These two views Hermeneutics and Tbingen trail are not far away on concrete contents, with more or less variations. But it must be noticed that both conceptions of Platonic thinking are contradictory and that is reflected in their explanations of Platos own philosophical project.To begin with, I will not compare each point of the Hermeneutic and Tubingen School positions. I will explain, so far as I can understand, why the explanation of the Tbingen School is unsatisfactory. (1) These insufficiencies are not related to to its deep analysis of the Platonic oral tradition, exactly to its interpretation. (2) The question is wholly hermeneutical and refers to the pretension, e xtension and value that this oral doctrine can have in Platonic philosophy.I will avoid the content questions, because they are far away from the purpose of this paper. The implicit question in these two trends is the following can Platos own philosophy be reduced to a metaphysical system? (3) The affirmative answer to that question holds the whole account of the Tbingen School. But I consider that this assumption is not correct and that it supposes the projection of alien elements to Platonic philosophy. And my task in this contribution is to show why.Platos thought has two axes thematical and formal. thematically it moves around the Good, and formally, around the dialectic. Both themes are the ground of his whole work and the ideas are not more than the attempt of joining them. The dialectical access to ideas is fully congruous with the question of the Good, at all levels. This is clearly exposed in the beginning of Philebus, (4) where it is necessary to reach the truth about the good through dialogue, with all required efforts. But dialogue is not a combat between enemies to win one position, but the battle between allies supporting the truth.dialectic is not another thing than the ability to guide a conversation, that is, the capability to dialogue. (5) Because of that, language exactly (6) has no secondary position in Platos philosophy. regular(a) one of his works is wholly dedicated to that theme Cratylus , and there it can be seen that language is neither pure nature nor complete artifact.

Themes, Symbolism, and Atmosphere in Dickens Hard Times Essay

When Charles Dickens was writing his commentary on a fast industrializing world, the thought that Hard Times would still be relevant over 150 years later is assumed to be far from the forefront of his mind. And yet at present, 158 years after its first publication, Charles Dickens tale of industrialisation and its implications still holds a prominent place in todays society. The following is matchless interpretation of Dickens story of an industrialized dystopia, and discussed are its ever-relevant theme, the symbols and motifs which fortify it, and the effective atmosphere which it creates.Throughout the novel there are two very prominent themes the notion that industrialization has a mechanizing effect on sympathetic beings and the recurring battle of fact versus fancy. However, the latter can be seen as subordinate to the first. Forthwith in the novel Dickens establishes the emphasis on facts and statistics (The ace Thing Needful), using a monologue to introduce his novel Now , what I want is, Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant naught else, and root out everything else. (Dickens 3). Immediately the stage is set, with Dickens creating a character whose sole belief could no doubt be proved using advertise statistics and facts. What Dickens has also done by the end of the first chapter is describe a character who possesses qualities common to many industrialists and of that era, a character who himself appears to represent a part of the manufacturing, one who was inflexible, dry, and dictatorial (Dickens 3). Given the prevalence of utilitarianism in the time of writing, it is apparent why Dickens chose to embody the main theme in a character that is so eminently practical that he comes off as cold as the great hulking... ...simplicity which enabled readers of any kind to sympathize with the characters bound to a dystopia fueled by the ever-turning gears and wheels of the great industrial machine. Dickens created a novel that thoroughly detaile d the effects which industry forced upon humanity, as well as the fight man took to overcome such mechanization, one saw a battle between utilitarianism and humanism play out with the turn of each page, and one saw humanity prevail in the novels conclusion. However, humanity, it seems, is not always the preponderate in reality, with this battle of fact versus fancy still playacting out today. Hard Times will forever be relevant so long as mankind continues to engineer the evolution of industry and industry continues to engineer the end of mankinds evolution.Works CitedDickens, Charles. Hard Times. New York W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1990

Handspring INC Evaluation and Control :: essays research papers

SolutionEVALUATION AND CONTROLEvaluation of the sales ply should be done in order to improve their slaying. Targets should be garnish at the beginning of every month and the actual performance in relation to the come ins should be compared to get the sure difference between the targeted performance and the real performance. A similar, target installting and evaluation of the sales performance pull up stakes not only evaluate the performance of the employees but will also control them effectively. Remember, the yearly increments and promotions will to an extent depend on the performance of the sales personnel office. This will help the company live up to its sales bearings.Evaluation of the research & development staff is necessary to make Handspring products technically superior to that of competitors. For instance if the objective of the personnel is to develop products that are congenial with the operating system of Microsoft, then(prenominal) they have to be precond ition objectives relating to the technical development of the product, the time deadline they have and the cost constraints. The R&D staff would be given a priori evaluation. That means that before the hold starts on the project, the values attached to the various stages of the work would be decided. For drill, if the work were to be completed on time, it would be given a rating of 5 and if the work were 80% complete the rating would be 4 and so on. This a priori contract would not only impose a control on the work but would help Handspring achieve its strategic objectives. For example, if the strategic objective of Handspring were to reduce the cost of Treo, then this project would be given to a project team with a fixed time period and a set of objectives.Setting up of objectives and accounting entry into an a priori contract with them so that their performance can objectively be evaluated can do evaluation of the top managers also. For, example one of the vice- presidents can be entrusted with the task of setting up alliances with other top companies so that Treo is purchases as a tie up product. The vice-president will be given a target of forging say 6 alliances having a sale value of $XXM. Apart from this other criteria for his evaluation can be set up and each given a weight. At the end of the evaluation period the actual performance of the vice-president will be compared to the targeted performance and a mixed score calculated for him.Handspring INC Evaluation and Control essays research papers SolutionEVALUATION AND CONTROLEvaluation of the sales staff should be done in order to improve their performance. Targets should be set at the beginning of every month and the actual performance in relation to the targets should be compared to get the real difference between the targeted performance and the real performance. A similar, target setting and evaluation of the sales performance will not only evaluate the performance of the employees but will a lso control them effectively. Remember, the yearly increments and promotions will to an extent depend on the performance of the sales personnel. This will help the company meet its sales objectives.Evaluation of the research & development staff is necessary to make Handspring products technically superior to that of competitors. For instance if the objective of the personnel is to develop products that are compatible with the operating system of Microsoft, then they have to be given objectives relating to the technical development of the product, the time deadline they have and the cost constraints. The R&D staff would be given a priori evaluation. That means that before the work starts on the project, the values attached to the various stages of the work would be decided. For example, if the work were to be completed on time, it would be given a rating of 5 and if the work were 80% complete the rating would be 4 and so on. This a priori contract would not only impose a control on t he work but would help Handspring achieve its strategic objectives. For example, if the strategic objective of Handspring were to reduce the cost of Treo, then this project would be given to a project team with a fixed time period and a set of objectives.Setting up of objectives and entering into an a priori contract with them so that their performance can objectively be evaluated can do evaluation of the top managers also. For, example one of the vice- presidents can be entrusted with the task of setting up alliances with other top companies so that Treo is purchases as a tie up product. The vice-president will be given a target of forging say 6 alliances having a sale value of $XXM. Apart from this other criteria for his evaluation can be set up and each given a weight. At the end of the evaluation period the actual performance of the vice-president will be compared to the targeted performance and a composite score calculated for him.

Privacy and Confidentiality in the Electronic Medical Record Essay

It was just yesterday when Electronic wellness records was just introduced in health fretting industry. People were not ready to accept it due to higher cost and consumption of time associated in training people and adopting new applied science. Despite of completely this criticism, use of Internet and Electronic wellness records are now gaining its popularity among health care professionals, as it is the most effective way to communicate with patient and colleagues. more and more hospitals and clinics are getting rid of paper base filling system and investing in cloud base storage. According to HIMSS The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a longitudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting. It includes information from patient demographics, medications, to the laboratory reports. Introduction of Electronic Medical Records in healthcare organizations was to improve the quality care and to lessen the cost by standardizing the means of communication and reducing the errors. However, it raises the eyebrows of many when it comes to patient confidentiality and privacy among healthcare organization. The Problem is1. Transfer of Information- The problem is remote access of the health records and pooling of large subject of data for various purposes like research program and lab work, may lead to an error and confusion. 2. Lack of information centralization- Many patients keep their own records of contrast sugars, weight and blood pressure by using various Internet tools. However, healthcare providers cannot access these records because they cannot streamline those records with EHR.3. Security theft - Internet tools like Google health and Microsoft Vault provides conveni... ...idence of users by agreeing to the policy that the data submitted to their cloud platform will be kept confidential. (Ryan, 2011)The cloud computing is still under development solely if it can manage to mai ntain information privacy and confidentiality than it will become revolutionary in healthcare field. And we never know, in future science and technology might introduce more advanced level of apps and service with enhanced level of privacy and security measures. Patient personalized health cards are also long underling technology that might provide patient a freedom of owning his/her PHI. Transferring data from one hospital to another wouldnt be a challenge with this password protected health cards. Privacy wouldnt be much of an issue as all the information is stored in the substantiation of the card that can be retrieve by a healthcare provider or by patient when needed.

Rheumatoid Arthritis :: essays research papers

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease, primarily of the joints, with autoimmune features and a complex transmitted component. hereditary pattern Occasional families show a considerable number of cases of this common disorder. A simple Mendelian mechanism could non be proved, however. Indeed, some (Burch et al., 1964) could not controvert significant familial aggregation.Lynn et al. (1995) conducted family studies and segregation analyses of RA based on consecutive patients with RA ascertained without regard to family history or known risk factors. include in the analyses were first-degree relatives from 135 simplex and 30 multiplex families. A highly penetrate recessive major constituent, with a mutant allele frequency of 0.005, was place as the most parsimonious genetic risk factor. Significant evidence for heterogeneity in risk for RA was observed for proband gender tho not for proband age at aggression. Kaplan-Meier risk analysis demonstrated significant evidence for differences in the distribution of risk among first-degree relatives. Although both proband gender and age at onset were identified as important risk factors, proband gender appeared to be the more important determinant of risk, with relatives of male probands having the greatest cumulative risk for RA. For future genetic analyses, Lynn et al. (1995) suggested that families with an excess of affected males having a young age at onset might be most informative in identifying the putative recessive gene and its modifiers. Hasstedt et al. (1994) studied 28 purebreds ascertained through pairs of first-degree relatives with RA. RA was confirmed in 77 pedigree members, including probands the absence of disease was verified in an additional 261 pedigree members. Members of the pedigrees were typed serologically for HLA. Analyses supported the existence of an HLA-linked RA susceptibility locus, estimated the susceptibility allele frequency as 0.0216, and estimated the lifetime penetra nce as 41% in male homozygotes and 48% in female homozygotes. Inheritance was recessive in males and was nearly recessive in females. In addition, the analysis attributed 78% of the variants with HLA genotypes to genetic or environmental effects shared out by sibs. The genetic model inferred in this analysis was considered consistent with previous association, linkage, and familial aggregation studies of RA. The inferred HLA-linked RA susceptibility locus accounted for approximately one-half of familial RA, although it accounted for only approximately one-fifth of the RA in the population. PATHOGENESIS In a T-cell receptor transgenic mouse model, an inflammatory arthritis that resembles human RA is initiated by T cells but is sustained by antibodies to GPI (172400).

Rheumatoid Arthritis :: essays research papers

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease, primarily of the joints, with autoimmune features and a complex contractable component. inheritance Occasional families show a considerable number of cases of this common disorder. A simple Mendelian mechanism could not be proved, however. Indeed, some (Burch et al., 1964) could not plant significant familial aggregation.Lynn et al. (1995) conducted family studies and segregation analyses of RA based on consecutive patients with RA ascertained without regard to family history or known risk factors. include in the analyses were first-degree relatives from 135 simplex and 30 multiplex families. A highly penetrate recessive major cistron, with a mutant allele frequency of 0.005, was place as the most parsimonious genetic risk factor. Significant evidence for heterogeneity in risk for RA was observed for proband gender but not for proband age at aggression. Kaplan-Meier risk analysis demonstrated significant evidence for differences in the distribution of risk among first-degree relatives. Although both proband gender and age at onset were identified as important risk factors, proband gender appeared to be the more important determinant of risk, with relatives of male probands having the greatest cumulative risk for RA. For future genetic analyses, Lynn et al. (1995) suggested that families with an excess of affected males having a young age at onset might be most informative in identifying the putative recessive gene and its modifiers. Hasstedt et al. (1994) studied 28 descents ascertained through pairs of first-degree relatives with RA. RA was confirmed in 77 pedigree members, including probands the absence of disease was verified in an additional 261 pedigree members. Members of the pedigrees were typed serologically for HLA. Analyses supported the existence of an HLA-linked RA susceptibility locus, estimated the susceptibility allele frequency as 0.0216, and estimated the lifetime penetrance as 41% in mal e homozygotes and 48% in female homozygotes. Inheritance was recessive in males and was nearly recessive in females. In addition, the analysis attributed 78% of the variants with HLA genotypes to genetic or environmental effects dual-lane by sibs. The genetic model inferred in this analysis was considered consistent with previous association, linkage, and familial aggregation studies of RA. The inferred HLA-linked RA susceptibility locus accounted for approximately one-half of familial RA, although it accounted for only approximately one-fifth of the RA in the population. PATHOGENESIS In a T-cell receptor transgenic mouse model, an inflammatory arthritis that resembles human RA is initiated by T cells but is sustained by antibodies to GPI (172400).

MBA Capstone: Team Charter

Your instructor go out review this information to approve your business idea. Our product is a approximation market dedicated to radical groceries, education of customers with regard to original and CEO-friendly growing of food, and commitment to organic vendors. Our concept will solve the issue of companies claiming to be organic when they are truly not. Will educate the public with tips and tricks on how to puzzle the best produce from within their take in gardening as well. Our solution is peculiar because while we will also be selling local produce, we also want to strengthen the community to rely more heavily on their own supply as well.The intended target audience will include a small community of people who are parents, teachers, students and strainers wanting to facilitate make better food choices for themselves and future generations. Coles (Community Organic Local Environment) Market is a community market with a passion for providing organic produce and groceries i n a modern environment. Utilizing produce from only local earth-friendly farmers, our goal is to bring the freshest, healthiest food to our community with the highest regard for our ecological system.We strive to play a pull up stakes in reducing the impact of our lifestyles on the world tit other species and future generations. We are fully devoted to continued education about organic farming, community health and education and environmental preservation. Ill. company solicitude Plan This section defines how the group up will allocate assignments and talents a) Team Leadership One psyche will be named the team/project leader to provide overall leadership and continuity to the project.Your team leader will be Karen Lothrop b) Deliverable Management Each deliverable will be assigned a component Manager. In the case of larger teams, you may assign more than one soulfulness to a deliverable. In the case of smaller teams, the team lead may also have to take on the role of a comp onent lead too. The level of effort required for components will vary depending on your business idea. Review the business plan rubric to gain a sense of the aggregate of content required to help you balance your teams workload with your skills, interests, and your specific business idea.List your component managers in the table. Deliverable Due Date Manager Assigned Team Charter With Business Description Industry Analysis calendar week 3 Deanna Miles Marketing Plan Wee k 4 Operations Plan week 5 Lakeside Williams/Karen Lothrop Financial Plan week 6 Presentation (Team) As scheduled Karen Lothrop/ Doddering Westbrook Final Plan (Team) week 8 c) Skills catalogue Identify each team members personal, professional, and academic strengths and weaknesses in the table.We will also keep in touch between calls by way of the Team B Discussion thread and through email. Agenda items will be sent through emails and posted in Doc Sharing. How will you keep track of divers(prenominal) drafts (v ersions) of the same document? Documents will be shared via email and posted in Doc Sharing. Charlie Win will maintain master copies with revisions. Describe how your team will manage conflict. Potential Conflict Recommended Solution Member misses a meeting case by case. Member cannot be reached Multiple methods to be employ include email, text, phone. If no response, team to decide. Member does not complete work on time Member will be reported to professor and get unfavorable Peer Review.Member work is unsatisfactory Member drops the escape Their work will be re-distributed among other members. Member has an unavoidable emergency that delays work another(prenominal) team members will pick up the work to assist for valid emergencies. Otherwise, How will you resolve minor disagreements? Through vote of entire team. Who rules for major disagreements?team leader or majority rule? Majority rule. How will you use the Peer Review at the end of the course? What are the consequences of u nsatisfactory functioning? Peer Review to be favorable for all members that have participated and contributed. Unsatisfactory performance will et a vote of other members to include possible recommendation to Professor of reduction of individuals course grade. College is temporarily offline or class time is cancelled Communication will be maintained through alternate methods much(prenominal) as email, phone calls, etc. Other potential conflict Create a list of rules to help you collaborate as a team, including expectations about meetings, communication, course work, conflict resolution, and so on, based on other elements of this charter. All team members are expected to participate in meetings whenever possible (the Team understands scheduling conflicts will arise from time to time). All members are required to carry their weight and perform their allocated portions of the course work. Course work sections will be assigned based on each members sign up for their areas of expertise /interest.Critical Success Factors Reason for Importance Steps Taken to Ensure Attainment Contracting with local organic growers and vendors To get a line our store will be able to offer the type and variety of products that customers expect Contracting with numerous suppliers for each product line. Rotating purchasing among these vendors. Retail behind traffic generation To insure a consistent flow of customers Well planned and executed marketing and advertising campaigns. Community involvement to build our brand. VI. committal Each team member is to write an individual commitment statement. If onsite, each team member will sign his or her commitment statement. Deanna Miles My commitment to this group is to make sure we get the Job done and to get it right. I also commit to participate somehow in all group meetings. at last I will listen and be up for the ideas and concerns of my group members. Charles Win

Discussion question Essay

The lab consist of using the AVG s post in the virtual form to discover the dissimilar threats that were found which were moved to the virus vault. The window defender was used to verify the different infections and spyw are that were found in the virtual machine. Malware and spyware are emergence trends in the world of technology. It is good to know the steps to take just in case your system is infected with these nasty vicious malware and spyware.This is a screen cam stroke of the offspring of threats that were identified by the scan. concealment shot of the detailed view of the 1st infection CHelixIRRAMwin32ddwin32dd.sys trojan horse cavalry Hider.JIMoved to virus omitScreen shot of the detailed view of the 2nd infection CHelixIRirsoftLSASecretsView.exeMay be infected by un cognise virus Win32/DHHhMXFE8VGwMoved to virus VaultScreen shot of the detailed view of the 3rd infectionCHelixIRinpwdump2.exeMay be infected by unkn stimulate virus Win32/DHHhRPFRsMoved to Virus Vaul tScreen shot of the detailed view of the 4th infection CHelixIRinPsh.exeTrojan horse Dropper.Generic4.BVMAMoved toVirus VaultScreen shot of the 1st detailed spyware CHelixIRirsoftastlog.exepotentially harmful programme Logger.IACMoved to Virus VaultScreen shot of the 2nd detailed spyware CHelixIRFoundstoneFPipe.exePotentially harmful program Tool.ITMoved to Virus VaultScreen shot of the 3rd detailed spyware CHelixIRincryptcat.exePotentially harmful program RemoteAdmin.IHMoved to Virus VaultThis is a screenshot of the Virus Vault.This is a screenshot of the AVGs Threat Detected alert window.This is a screenshot of the productreview.pdf file displayed in the vault.Remediation StepsThere are many steps that can be followed to remove malware and spyware.There are several steps to remove infections such as a Trojan horse or a Trojan dropper from your data processor system. 1. Reboot the system2. Make the system set up is turned off so that the system does restore the infected file. 3. Launch anti-virus software system product that is installed on the system. 4. Go to disk view and highlight your computer and whence select scan/ repair to that the anti-virus can detect the Trojan and put it in the recycle bin. 5. Restart the system and make certain(predicate) the recycle bin is emptied. 6. Make sure the Trojan was scrubd successfully by phlebotomizening another scan.The steps to remove spyware are different than the steps to remove an infection. The steps are as follows 1. First, delete the temporary files.2. Make sure the system restore is turned off.3. Then install anti-virus/ anti-spyware program, an examples would be bit defender, or malwarebyte ant-malware. 4. Run a full scan and whatever is found, then delete it5. Restart computer to make sure the spyware is deleted.This is a screenshot of the File Transfer file.Lab Assessment Questions and Answers1. Workstation and desktop devices are prone to viruses, malware, and malicious software, especially if th e user surfs the Internet and World Wide Web. Given that users connect to the Internet and World Wide Web, what security countermeasures can organizations implement to help mitigate the risk from viruses, malware, and malicious software? Organizations can restrict certain sites, severalisewords like blogs, and mirror sites.Organizations can block ingress of files that contain potentially dangerous content and also administer blocking all compressed executables from entry (Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure, 2004). They can also make sure specific ports are shut down this can prevent back doors when accessing a site. There are a lot of websites out there that do not need accessibility, especially for work environment.2. Your employees email file attachments to each other and externally through the organizations firewall and Internet connection. What security countermeasures can you implement to help mitigate the risk of knave e-mail attachments and URL Web link s? Many business owners must examine what is at risk when they communicate sensitive data over email. The stolon thing is to make sure that a good virus protection software is install and updated on everyone computer place. Second it is good that all key departments at heart the organization, such as legal IT and H, understand the policies require them to sign off on the email filtering, retention, retrieval and summary policies (Small Business Computing Staff, 2011).3. wherefore is it recommended to do an antivirus signature file update beforeperforming an antivirus scan on your computer? Signature files contain the latest list and behavior of known viruses that why its important to update the antivirus signature file before performing a scan on your computer. Anti-virus programs release signature files updates regularly sometimes daily sometimes more often because new viruses are being identified on a daily basis (Loza, 1999). 4. Once a malicious file is found on your computer , what are the default settings for USB/removable device scanning?What should organizations do regarding use of USB hard drives and slots on existing computers and devices? Many of the USB devices nonplus serial numbers associated with them. Most of the scanning and tracking details would be use with most of the USB mass storage devices. Organizations should immediately disable the auto run on the system. The devices that are connected to the infected computer should be scan for malicious malware and spyware. 5. If you find a suspect executable and wish to perform alive(p) analysis, what does that mean? Dynamic analysis is the testing and evaluation of a program by executing data in real-time (Rouse, 2006). The objective of the dynamic analysis is to find errors in a program while it is running rather than repeatedly examine the code offline. The codes are easily notice while the program is in use to help detect the error codes.6. What is a malware and malicious code sandbox?A san dbox is a virtual environment with its own its own guest operating system where intercepted incoming can be observed (Jackson, 2013). By observing the behavior in the sandbox, it should notice and blocked malware disregarding of whether the code or the vulnerability it exploits is already known.7. What are typical indicators that your computer system is compromised?There are several indicators that your system may be compromised. The computer is extremely slowApplications wont startCant connect to the InternetThe antivirus is turn offThere are entirely different browsers, and item are opening up and there are a lot of pop ups. 8. Where does AVG Business Edition 2012 place viruses, Trojans, worms, and other malicious software when it finds them? When going through the steps in the AVG Business Edition 2012 in the lab the viruses, Trojans, worms, and other malicious software were put in a vault. It was then deleted out of the virus vault. The viruses are quarantined and then isolated and deleted by the user. 9. What other viruses, Trojans, worms, or malicious software were identified and quarantined by AVG within the Virus Vault upon completion of the Whole Computer Scan? There were 4 infections that were found during the whole computer scans. The 4 infections are as follows Trojan horse Hider.JIWin32/DHHhMXFE8VGwWin32/DHHhRPFRsTrojan horse Dropper.Generic4.BVMAIn the scan was also 3 spyware that were found as wellLogger.IACTool.ITRemoteAdmin.IH10. What elements are needed in a workstation soil policy regarding use of antivirus and malicious software prevention tools? It is important that the needed elements are included in the workstation policy to make sure that the antivirus and malicious software are used properly. Tech support must make sure that everyone is following the guidelines of keeping the system safe from malware and spyware. A policy should be in place to let the employees know the importance of using the antivirus and malicious tools properly.C onclusionBy going through the steps in the lab, there were many infections and spyware that were detected and later moved to the virus vault. The different viruses were moved to the vault so that they would not infect the rest of the system. In assessment were steps that must be taken to make sure that the infections and spyware are completely deleted from the system. Therewere many techniques that were learned about infections and spyware and where they should be moved when they are detected by the AVG scan. citationCentre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (2004). Mitigating the risk of Malicious Software. Retrieved from http//www.cpni.gov.uk/documents/publications/2004/2004002 advice_malicious_software.pdf Jackson, W (2013). Hackers new trick for slithering through sandboxes Retrieved from http//gcn.com/blogs/cybereye/2013/02/hackers-new-trick-outwitting-sandboxes.aspxLoza, C, (1999). Why Is It Important to Constantly modify Antivirus Software? Retrieved from http//ww w.ehow.com/facts_6850079_important-constantly-update-antivirus-software_.htmlRouse, M (2006). Dynamic Analysis Retrieved from http//searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/dynamic-analysis Small Business for Computing Staff (2011). 5 Email Security Tips to Protect Your Small Business. Retrieved from http//www.smallbusinesscomputing.com/webmaster/article.php/3928231/5-Email-Security-Tips-to-Protect-Your-Small-Business.htm

Unreliable Memory in Memento

Unreliable Memory in Memento Thesis The unique narration mental synthesis of the film and the spark advance role, Leonard Shelby in Memento prove that fund is perfidious. . In William Goldings Lord of the Flies, Samneric saw something moving, something large, which in reality was the dead body of a parachutist. well(p) now in the darkness and out of fear, in Samnerics memory board, the parachutist became a beast with leathery wings, teeth, and claws. He even claimed that he saw it slinking behind the trees. In this case, Samnerics memory were mastered by his personal feelings fear.Thus memory is unreliable, as it can be manipulated by personal feelings. Similarly, the leading role of Memento, Leonard Shelbys memory is also manipulated by his personal feelings. Leonard distorts his memory due to his desire to contract and kill the unrivaled and only murderer of his wife. In the following, I am going to prove memory is unreliable through the unique narrative structure and L eonard Shelby, the leading role of the film. Memento, the report card features a man c all tolded Leonard Shelby, who has anterograde memory loss, a disorder that caused his brain to be unable to store new memories.From Leonards memory, the disorder was a result from a concession caused by the rapist murderer of his wife. From then on, Leonards life is all about finding the i and only murderer of his wife and get him killed in order to take revenge. Firstly, it is the unique narrative structure. The films events unfold in two separate, alternate narratives one in color, and the other in black-and-white. The black-and-white sections are told in chronological order, beginning by showing Leonard conversing with an anonymous caller in a motel room.Leonards actual investigation is shown in color sequences that are in reverse order. By the end of the film, when the two narratives converge, revealing the investigation and events that lead up to Leonards friend, Teddys death. The narr ative structure is literally a memory establish that the director of Memento, Christopher Nolan gives to the viewer. As each color sequence begins, the audience is unaware of the prior events, just like Leonard, giving the viewer a sense of his confusion.With the structure arranged in this alternating and reverse way, the confused viewer would be lost, in a way that they have no clue where the story is heading. At the end of the film, which chronologically is the first sequence, would only leave the viewer more question marks. Therefore, the narrative structure of the film, which is also the memory test, proves human memory is unreliable. For relying only on memory, the viewer can non group all the puzzles the reverse chronological scenes together and have a full understanding of the events.Confusion is brought on by unreliable memories. As time goes, memory fades, based on this principle that everyone knows and even experiences, Nolan first gives this memory test to let the vi ewer a firsthand experience that memory is unreliable. Zigzagging through the two separate and yet related narratives, Nolan brings out memory is unreliable non only due to physical reasons, but also mental ones. The black-and-white sequence is indeed the narration of Leonard, a former insurance investigator, verbalise the story of one of his claimants, Sammy Jankis before his injury.Jankis, just like Leonard, appeared to have anterograde amnesia after a car accident. Leonard explains how Jankiss diabetic wife tested Jankis to pick up if he really had a memory disorder or just faking to claim disability insurance, by repeatedly requesting insulin injections from him. She is desperately hoping that Sammy did non have a memory disorder and would remember the previous injection. As a result, she died from an insulin overdose from Jankis. While the viewer is puzzling why Leonard remembers Jankis so vividly, Nolan reveals a parallel story of Leonard.Because of Leonards condition and his denial of possibly killing his wife by overdosing her with insulin, he might have made up a different scenario in his mind. He constructed a rape-murder scenario for his wifes death. He alienated his killing his wife by inventing Sammy Jankis, memorizing it as a separate event. He altered his memory to change magnitude his guilt. At the end of the film, Leonard confronts his memory and says,Do I lie to myself to be happy? yes, I will. This narration conveys that emory can be full of flaws, it can be distorted by personal feelings, it can be changed by ones desire, that memory can be no more than a tool of self-deception. Secondly, through the leading role of Memento, Leonard Shelbys verbal expression, condition, tattoos and flashbacks, Nolan proves to the viewer that memory is unreliable. Leonards lines point directly at memory is unreliable. In the film Leonard said, Memorys not that perfect. Its not even that good. , Memory can change the shape of a room it can change the c olor of a car. And memories can be distorted.Theyre just an interpretation, theyre not a record, and theyre irrelevant when you have the facts. Leonard stresses that memory is not good. Through Leonards lines, the film emphasizes that, memory is unreliable because theyre just an interpretation. Then moving on to Leonards condition, anterograde amnesia is the significant feature of Leonard and it is also the heart of the film. Since Leonard has this disorder that he cannot form new memories, everything fades, memory is definitely unreliable for him. For the viewer, be put into Leonards shoes, unknown to the preceding events, memory is unreliable as well.Again, Leonards memory problem has directly pointed at memory is unreliable. Leonards tattoos is also a significant feature of Leonard. In order to find his wifes murderer, Leonard relies on notes and annotated Polaroid pictures. But for vital information which he believes would lead him to the murderer, he tattoos that piece of inf ormation on his body quite of writing on a piece of paper because of his inability to form new memories. In one scene, Leonard gets a tattoo of the murderers license plate emergence, relying on his memory, he has mistaken an I for a 1.Now this clue has really changed because of his unreliable memory. It tells us not to trust Leonards believe-to-be-true facts, memory can indeed manipulate everything. As Leonard puts it, Memory can change the shape of a room it can change the color of a car Theyre just an interpretation, theyre not a record. Also, accord to Leonards tattoo, the name of the murderer is bathroom G. At the beginning of the film, which chronologically is the last sequence, Leonard does succeed and kill one John Edward Gammell, whose nickname is Teddy.Leonard says he would remember he had killed that one and only murderer even with his condition, because that excitement of revenge would remain. However, at the end of the film (which should be the beginning of the stor y), reveals that Teddy is just one of the few John G. s that Leonard has killed. It turns out after Leonard has killed a John G, he copies Teddys license plate number and gets it tattooed on his body annotating that is the license plate number of the murderer, making Teddy(John Edward Gammell) his John G, for the sake of his meaning of survival.Memory can manipulate, and at the same time, be manipulated. Leonard, in order to fulfill his goal and his desire of taking revenge, he lets his memory be manipulated by his personal feelings, and keeps on killing more and more John G. s. Furthermore, there are a few of Leonards flashbacks throughout the film, one is preparing an insulin injection, one is his staying in a sanatorium (instead of Sammy Jankis does after he accidently killed his wife).The more significant flashback is of Leonards wife waking up, opening her eyes, but if it is played backwards, it is very often like his wife is going into a coma. Leonard also recalls the scene t hat his wife crying out, Ouch when he executes the insulin shot. However, the fact is Leonard manufactured Sammy Jankis in order to deny being the murderer of his wife. So, when he recalls that injecting scene from memory, administrating insulin has become pinching his wifes thigh. There are actually quite a lot of Leonards flashbacks giving proof that Leonard himself is the murderer of his wife, but it is clearly that Leonard wants to lessen his sense of guilt, so he distorts his memory, it shows that memory can in fact be changed to satisfy oneself, memory can be reconstructed. To conclude, He took past mymemory. He destroyed my ability to live. Just like Leonard, humans in general acknowledge memory is one of the abilities that help us to live, however it is not a must that this ability is reliable, in fact memory practically cannot be trusted.From Mementos unique narrative structure, a genuine memory test definitely created a certain degree of confusion to the viewer. It is impossible for humans to have everything well organized merely by memory. The facts in ones memory can be rebuilt, as Leonard says,Do I lie to myself to be happy? yes, I will. Memory can easily be manipulated by ones personal feelings. In Leonards case, his memory is manipulated by his guilt he uses his memory as a tool to spoil the fact that he killed his wife because of his lack-of-short-term memory disorder.Leonards lines, physical problem, tattoos and his flashbacks all are important proofs of Leonard is the murderer of his own wife, which Leonard does not want to admit. From the beginning, his true motive of finding that rapist murderer is only for his own satisfaction, finding his goal of life, and more importantly, for lessening his guilt. That is why being unknown that he does it on purpose or unintentionally Leonard distorts his memory and reconstructs it and in the film.Now the distorted memory became reality for Leonard, and the facts change according to his reconstr uction. We can see that memory can also manipulate at the same time, memories can be distorted. Theyre just an interpretation, theyre not an record. The unique narrative structure and Leonard Shelby, the leading role of Memento, have proved that memory is no more than an interpretation after all. For memory can be distorted and manipulated out of ones own satisfaction and desire. Memory is not facts, it cannot always be trusted. Memory is unreliable both physically and mentally.

Tomtom Marketing

2012 Final story Group 5 Rizwan Anwar Christian Visschedijk Irina Andreescu Yiwen Lu Tommy Pantic Jeroen van Miert 449418 469263 449425 459114 437979 450453 Executive summary The purpose of this report is to analyze TomToms internal and external environment and come up with a relevant unused dodge that could be implemented by TomTom in the near future. The external analysis concludes that TomTom is suffering from two factors one is an increasing (indirect) contestation in developing (PDA) consumer commercialises and second is a decreasing sales in their most important markets.As a result TomTom has started to shift its centre from the consumer market to the Automotive, Licensing and Business Solution markets. However, these markets lead not been adapted to compensate the declining sales in their Consumer market. A wide number of factors be currently at work in the internal situation. A restructering program, problems with the supply channels, a veer to sales marketing and distribution and a stress on growth on much promising atomic number 18as. Important factors from the SWOT analysis are that TomTom has a strong stigma image and good reputation. It is however really weak outside of Europe.Furthermore, there is growth potential in both Europe and North America. An important get out is the economic downturn. TomTom is quite a private-enterprise(a) bell it has however plenty of market share to gain and must growing this position. When comparing with its main competitor, TomTom has bowl over with its map coverage and financial position. A worry list has produced the fol emiting items Hardware problem issue Drive Space Error, Software system Including knowledgeability Error and Map Error and Rapidly growing for Smart phone trend, people would replace TomTom twisting by phone, people are fancy intimately Smart phone.Focus for the impudent strategy goes to the min-min strategy which is supported by collaborative strategy. This report deems thi s bracing purposed strategy well fit and feasible. Implementing the recent strategy requires TomTom to focus on the following HR related issues personal training and personal development and team cohesion and good internal conversation. A solid affirm system should be implemented on a global scale. Two important actions must be taken in coiffe to implement this new strategy Reallocate money from the European PND market to the new B2B market and reduce investments in non-European countries. Introduction Purpose The purpose of this report is to analyze TomToms internal and external environment and come up with a relevant new strategy that could be implemented by TomTom in the near future. background signal Over the past 5 years, the PND effort in primarily Europe and the USA has experienced signifi potbellyt pressures from a number of areas that have changed and continue to change the landscape of the PND industriousness (Ibis Report). The rise of the smartphones and other sub stitute convergences in the 2000s has arguably had the greatest impact on the PND exertion.This has been primarily due(p) to the ever-increasing influence of smartphones and innovative mathematical harvest-homes, which have made the PND industry less relevant in recent times. TomTom, and its main competitors Garmin and MiTAC, are trying to deem up with the incredibly fastmoving technological developments to stay combative. 2 Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction .. Purpose .. 2 Background .. 2 External analysis 1. Dominant economic features . 7 2. competitory forces 3. Driving forces and impact .. 10 Lifestyle of customers .. 10 Product innovation 10 4. TomTom NV, Strategic Group Mapping .. 1 5. Competition .. 12 Cobra Electronics stool . 12 Garmin Ltd. 13 MiTAC (navman,mio,Magellan,TYAN) . 3 Honorable mentions . 14 Conclusion .. 14 6. Key Performance Indicators .. 14 6. 1 The financial perspective 4 6. 2 The customer perspective.. 15 6. 3 The internal business pro cess perspective 15 6. 4 The innovation and learning perspective .. 15 6. 5 Business Balanced Scorecard 5 6. 5. 1. The financial perspective . 15 6. 5. 2. The customer perspective 15 6. 5. 3. The internal business process perspective . 16 6. 5. 4. The innovation and learning perspective 16 7.Industry outlook .. 16 Opportunities 16 Threats9 16 Conclusion 8 Internal analysis 1. How well is the social clubs present strategy working? .. 20 2. TomTom SWOT analysis .. 26 3 Strengths .. 26 Weaknesses 6 Opportunities . 26 Threats .. 26 Resource Strengths and competitive capabilities .. 27 Strong brand image, good reputation and high market share in European market .. 7 Resource missing capabilities or competitive deficiencies 27 External Market Opportunities 28 External Threats to Profitability .. 28 3. Are the companys prices and costs competitive? 29 4. s the company relatively stronger/weaker than key rivals .. 30 Market share . 30 Map data coverage 31 The ability to provide value added operate.. 1 Financial strength 31 Comparison 31 5. What strategic issues and problems ask burning attention of management? 32 Potential problems in China .. 2 Priority list .. 32 Crafting the new strategy 1. Summary . 35 1. 1 SWOT. 35 1. 2 Critical success factors .. .. 5 1. 3 Worry list . 36 1. 4 Objectives 36 3. TOWS. 36 3. 1 Matrix 6 3. 2 General strategy .. 38 3. 3 agonistic strategy . 38 Supplementing the new strategy . 39 Min-Min strategy 9 Collaborative strategy .. 40 Fit and feasibility . 40 Executing the new strategy 4 1. twist an organization with the competencies, capabilities, and resource strengths to execute a strategy successfully .. 2 1. 1 Staffing the organization . 42 1. 2 Building core competencies and competitive capabilities. 43 1. 3 Structuring the organization and work effort .. 43 2. Marshalling sufficient money and people behind the drive for strategy execution of instrument 44 3.Instituting policies and procedures that facilitate rath er than impede strategy execution . 45 4. Pushing for continuous improvement . 46 4. 1 Total Quality centering 46 4. 2 The Deming Cycle .. 46 5.Installing information and operating systems that enable company personnel to carry out their strategic roles proficiently .. 47 6. act rewards directly to the achievement of strategic and financial targets and to good strategy execution.. 48 6. 1 Compensation .. 8 6. 2 Bonus programmes 48 6. 3 Benefits 49 7. Installing a corporate culture that promotes good strategy execution . 49 8. Exercising strong leadership to drive execution forward, keep improving on the details of execution, and achieve operating excellence as rapidly as feasible.. 0 9. Control . 52 Conclusion 53 Source list 55 5 2012 External analysis 7-9-2012 6 1. Dominant economic featuresThe TomTom Consumer Business Unit (one of the four units of TomTom) operates in the Consumers Electronic Industry, more specifically, Personal Navigation Devices (PND) industry. Before ta king a look at the competitive forces inwardly the industry it was decided to get a better thought of the industry in which the company operates. To this purpose the decision was made to use the Abell Model, which focuses on 3 different dimensions of the industry To whom are they selling (who are their customers) What are the customer needs that are satisfyingIn what way are the customers needs satisfied TomTom is targeting its PND towards drivers the idea behind the product is that it tries to identify the best preferred way of get from point A to B. What is meant by best preferred way is that different customers may have different ideas of what is the best route to take in order to achieve their goal (for example, some people prefer a highway route, whereas others would rather like the back pathways and as such they can entrap their PND to take into account their preferences). As mentioned before, TomToms PND is targeting drivers.What has not been mentioned is what sort of drivers and whether these drivers have a need for PNDs. The reason behind it is that for TomTom it does not matter. The business unit that is universe analyzed offers not only physical devices that can be attached to any driving machine, but it also offers the software behind the physical device to smartphones. This enables customers to use their own smartphones to navigate maps, find and change the route they are planning to take and whether or not they are driving a car. This raises the interrogate what are people exactly looking for when they are buying a PND?One of the staple needs of drivers is represented by a device to succor them navigate either through unknown roads, or knowingly busy roads people are interested in seeing and planning the road ahead. This also includes being warned of possible traffic jams, road blocks or detours. Behind this idea are three main requirements the availability of affordable devices, the affordability of data plans and maps, and last r eliability. As for the last dimension mentioned in the Abell model, how does the industry satisfy customer needs?One could refer to the life cycle of the glide systems products starting with basic gliding systems introduced by Etak in 1985, it was followed shortly by the introduction of commercialized GPS at the beginning of the 90s. All modern systems are based on these. at that places been a continuous technological development in PNDs, aligning them to the three customer demands the availability of affordable devices, the affordability of data plans/maps and the reliability of such devices. 7 The interesting trend nowadays in the PNDs market is the tendency towards device convergence 1.People tend to prefer to have navigation applications on their smartphone devices. This trend leads us to the conclusion that the PNDs industry has reached its maturity stage (in the industry life cycle) and depending on the near future success of the device convergence relating to navigation s ystems, may very well start its decline phase. 2. Competitive forces After defining the industry within which TomTom is operating, it is time to take a look at the competition levels within it. This is do in order to determine how attractive the industry currently is. To do this, the Porter 5 Forces model will be used.This model analyzes the industry from the competitions point of view, pays attention to the threat of new entrants, the availability of substitutes and the military force of both buyers and suppliers. Rivalry among competing sellers One of the most important factors behind the controversy among competing sellers is that the PND market is at the end of its maturity phase and has started its decline. Although this report is mainly focusing on the European market, it is important to keep in mind that the industry has been declining all over the world, especially in the developed countries (e. g. Europe and North Americas). source http//info300. net/tthomas2/Brief1. htm l) Although there are quite a few small competitors in the market, there are only a few that maintain the majority of the market share. TomTom is the market leader and its main competitor is Garmin, both in European market and in the North American market. check to gpsbusinessnews. com, TomTom PND marketshare grew in 2010 from 45% to 48% compared to the same period in 2009 within Europe, while in North America TomToms market share grew from 20% to 25% in the same year. 1 http//mycoordinates. org/pnd-vs- bustling-is-landscape-shifting/all/1/ 8 2007 visual acquired immune deficiency syndrome Threat of new entrants The PND and all the other GPS devices are mainly sold through the electronic retailers and websites that are well known and accessible to the new entrants. This influences the new entrants in two possible ways. Firstly is the ease of access to distribution channels, which would make this threat considerably high. Secondly is, in order to be able to compete with the main co mpetitors, you have to expect an increasing pressure on pricing policies. This could minimize the margins for the sold products, which could force smaller/new competitors out of the market.Furthermore, due to the main distribution channels being so well known and big, the main competitors on the market will have to compete with the low price/low quality products stream coming from China. Threat of substitutes The PND industry is highly threatened by handsets, such as smartphones and PADs. These come with a whole new set of Location Based Services applications of which some are detached of charge. Like we mentioned in the brief industry analysis of the PND market, theres a trend towards convergence of devices and this trend is fueled by customers desire to have one device to do the job, rather than having two devices.Bargaining power of suppliers Companies in the PND industry have a trend of vertically integrating in the supply chain. For example, TomTom makes its own software, does its own manufacturing and makes its own maps. Due to this aspect, we could conclude that the threat is of low immensity and thus irrelevant. Bargaining power of buyers At present, the buyers are inspecting/testing the new devices offering location based services. As the smartphones have yet to have compel themselves on the navigation market, we could say that for reliability and comfort of use they will return to the PNDs. 9Nevertheless, with predicted/expected future success of substitutes, the bargain power of the buyers with also increase and demand for a big product range will be high. Fierce price competition will also increase the buying power of customers and the product life cycle will grow shorter and shorter. This is currently the case with smartphones and other high-tech device. The price competition increases the pressure on manufacturers, and as such, increases the bargaining power of buyers. 3. Driving forces and impact These are the two driving forces which have t he biggest effect on TomTom 2.These driving forces will be analysed in order to visual aspect how they impact demand, profitability and competition. The two forces are Lifestyle and Product innovation. Lifestyle of customers With the rise of smartphones people have become aware that a phone can be used for more than estimable texting and calling. Smartphones have the possibility to make photos, play games, surf the internet and also (most relevant for TomTom) navigate. Most smartphones have location software as part of their standard software package. This software has been able to provide consumers with TomToms core product, which is getting a person from A to B.The impacts of this driving force are Demand Profitability Competition Demand for TomToms actual product has gone down, since people will use the free software on the phone instead of buying a PND 3. As a result of the actual demand decreasing, TomTom now also provides software for the smartphone. However, just providing the software is less profitable than the whole package (actual product) 4. Since companies have been able to start a company only providing software (also see product innovation) competition has gone up significantly. Product innovationThe rise in smartphones over the last years has made innovation a driving force in the PND market. Since customers in the past needed the whole navigation device, they now only need the software and a smartphone to have exactly the same. What can be seen in the PND market today is that there are companies that have been able to become very popular on certain phones by providing free software 5. Examples are Google Maps, Nokia Maps, NavFree and 2 Source http//bizcovering. com/business/top-ten-management-on-driving-forces-an-overview-of-whatdrives-the-world-to-the-future/ 3Source http//www. advfn. com/nasdaq/StockNews. asp? stocknews=GRMN&article=48539475 4 Source http//ereport. cfreport. com/tomtom/ar2011//1/ 5 Source http//www. gratissoftware. nu/grat is-navigatiesysteem-navigatie-software. php 10 Waze. These products are purely software based and are a form of industry/form competition, but they are key examples of how product innovation affects TomTom. Demand Profitability Competition Demand for the actual product goes down due to cheaper/better alternatives.To compete with free navigation/location software TomTom will need to lower its price or increase services as a way to increase its competitive advantage. Both ways will result in lower profitability. Companies that in the past were not city manager competitors of TomTom have been able to use innovation. An example is Google Maps, in the past people could only print directions, which was indirect competition but nothing TomTom had to be upset about. Nowadays, with the smartphone and internet people can use Google Maps in their car making it direct competition. 4. TomTom NV, Strategic Group MappingMarket Position of Rivals Tomtom NV is competing with its competitors in four business segments which are Automotive, Consumer, Licensing and business solutions. The company operates in almost all regions. The company has more than 15 direct and indirect competitors and more compeition is expected as the new navigation mobile technology is becoming very popular. The company has around 50% market share from Europe which means they make more than two-thirds of their revenue from this market. According to a recent report the company is facing a real challenge from Garmin Ltd, a Taiwan based GPS company.Garmin Ltd become a threat for Tomtom because of its low price products and currently it has 26% of market share in Europe. Garmin Ltd and Denso Corporation are competing with Tomtom in many countries by offering variety of electronics navigation products in automotive industry. In addition to that Cobra Electronics, HITT NV and MiTac are getting their foot accept in different markets by offering different products and services however possessing the diverse prod uct range in all sectors Tomtom have an upper hand on all competitors.In order to let off rival positions of Tomtom with comparison to other competitors different competitive characteristics can be described such as Product diversity, Number of Markets Served, Extent of branding, Pricing Policy and Distribution channels used. Below map explain the strategic position of the competitors. 11 TomTom NV Strategic Group Mapping 5. Competition In this chapter possible future steps of TomToms competitors will be discussed. This is done based on information found in annual reports and materials used at the stockholders meetings.The competitors have been analyzed based on four criteria future goals, Assumptions they hold of their selves and the industry, current strategy and their capabilities. Cobra Electronics Corporation approaching Goals Newer, younger demographics Expanded distribution Additional channels of trade Increasing Brand Equity Shift focus on smart phones Current strateg y A Develop or Die philosophy Assumptions Capabilities Very close connection with the schoolmaster driver fraternity Cobra Electronics Corporation is a leading communications company.It is a global company that is mainly focused on communication equipment such as Citizens Band radios, two-part radios and Marine electronics. They have recently introduced a strategy which they call Develop or Die. They desire to be a company driven my innovation. This reflected on the recent launch of products based on wireless solutions, specifically the mobile app products. 1 Choice of Professional Drivers The big competitive aspect of Cobra Electronics Corporation for TomTom is their professional driver product line. They focus mainly on navigation devices for professional drivers such as truck drivers, 2 aiding them in not only navigation but also tracking driving time and things such as load balancing. As of yet they have no plans to introduce navigation products for the consumer market. Garmi n Ltd. Future Goals Focus on vertical integration seeks to expand our role in the auto OEM market Assumptions Continue to expect PND market to decline driving boilers suit revenue declines in-line with prior expectations for the year with improving profitability throughout year Feels that integration with mobile products is the future Current strategy Win OEM opportunities with superior echnologies and global presence Focus on innovation, customer focus and vertical integration Capabilities Acquired NAVIGON and its Iphone and Android application Deep vertical integration Garmin is one of the leading providers of GPS enabled communication and information devices. Even though they are active in multiple industries such as marine and aviation the majority of their revenue is from the automotive/mobile division. In other words, a serious competitor for TomTom. It has a very high market share in North America, also responsible for 61. % of their follow revenue. They have recent ly acquired NAVIGON to not only boost their presence in Europe but also to gain a technological advantage, expanding their European central R&D capabilities. The acquisition also enables them to provide deeper integration with mobile phones, something they feel is the future. Another major focus for Garmin Ltd. is to focus in integrating their navigation software with car manufacturers. A demonstration of this is the opening of an office in the Detroit area in May 2011. MiTAC (navman,mio,Magellan,TYAN) Future Goals Company needs to incorporate product functions over a highly integrated platform to ensure consistency. Assumptions The future of GPS lies in its integration with cell phones, cameras and other mobile devices, and the introduction of value-added services. Current strategy MiTAC has appropriated at least 5% of its revenue for R&D spending in order to buttress its capacity in technologicalknow-how and product development meet with the best software and hardware vendors to ensure sufficient material supply for key hardware components. Capabilities

Advantege and Disadvange Fo T.V

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement If p arnts want their children to do well at teach, they should limit the sequence their children set down on ceremony TV. With the rapid development of our society, there are an increasing numbers of people who are concerned around whether parents should restrict the keep down of time their children spend on observance TV. Some people assert that the honoring TV could stimulate childrens learning and creativities and it would not cause any harm to children, yet its not surprising that others nonplus opposite attitudes toward this controversial issue.Despite many another(prenominal) diverse opinions aerate by different people based on their personal stance, there can be no doubt that watching too much TV programs would lead to adverse effects on children. The first reason I want to put forward is that there are too many out or keeping(p) images and reddish content on TV and those programs would impact children and teen s negatively. For instance, students may consider that violence is acceptable behavior to solve their problems in school.In this way, misbehaving students undoubtedly would interfere with their colleagues learning and add additional stresses on teachers. Studies also show that children who watch too much TV programs would become more aggressive and violent, and transact poorly in study. As you can see, parents should prevent their children from wasting too much time on TV owing to students may imitate the un suit behavior on TV. Another reason worth mentioning is that students who spend most of their time on watching TV would result in their reluctance toward school works and outdoor activities.Watching animated cartoons and fascinating movies is the most crucial dampen of their daily liveliness and children from those indulgent families dont want to put apparent movement into their studies which is less attractive to them. In order to prevent children from being coach potatoe s, parents should reduce their childs access to TV and encourage them to get nearly exercise which could help them to refresh their body and mind. There is no denying that adolescents who watch too much TV program would crowd out their study time. Finally, students who spend less time on TV would have more chances to get along with peers.Since human cant live without interacting with other people today, students have to learn how to cooperate and communicate with others in their early stage. As you can imagine, child who engages in school activities or joins some associations would feel they are part of the groups and this is expected a crucial impetus that spurs students to perform well in school. By and large, students would gain more benefits while they spending less time on TV programs and parents have to assist them to avoid from indulgent lifestyles.After taking all aspects into consideration, I firmly believe that parents have to set rules to limit their childrens TV time an d its not an exaggeration to say that adolescent who follows this rule would have better performance and achievement in school. Parents should limit childrens time watching TV and playing computer games, do you agree or disagree? Though they may love it, parents should limit their childrens time watching TV and playing computer games due to the bad effects upon their children.In contrast, they should encourage their children to read books. Todays TV programs and computer games are often fit with violent behavior such as abuse, kidnap, murder, fights and so on for commercial purposes. Children who view these events are likely to believe that the world is scary and something bad provide happen to them. This fear is simply caused by the inability of children to tell the difference between the fantasies presented on the TV and the reality. Besides, children may also imitate the bad behaviors and attitudes shown by means of the TV programs.Therefore, children should be discouraged from watching TV and playing computer games. Meanwhile, watching TV and playing games are said to be unhealthy ground on research, the obesity level has increased among children because they are inactive while watching TV and playing games as they do not exercise or play outdoor games. Moreover, fast food and junk food advertisements such as soft drinks which are shown in TV also influence children to expel them and similarly leads to obesity due to high cholesterol and sugar level.Conversely, parents should encourage their children to read more books for it is benefiting. In fact, reading can increase the ability of children in understanding new subjects and information. Reading out loud also exposes children to proper grammar, phrasing and language skills. On top of that, reading books can also brook children to enlarge their knowledge of fractural information, learn more about the world and increase their understanding of humanity.All these positive influences from the right books support parents to insist their children to read books instead of watching TV or playing computer games. In conclusion, parents should insist their children read books instead of watching TV or playing computer games. Accordingly, parents can very set up a schedule for their children to ensure that they spend their leisure time in the right way by reading books and have a limited time to watch TV and play computer games.This could indirectly discipline their children too. Television and Childre Why and to what extent should parents control their childrens TV watching? There is certainly nothing inherently wrong with TV. The problem is how much television a child watches and what effect it has on his life. Research has shown that as the amount of time spent watching TV goes up, the amount of time devoted not only to homework and study but other important aspects of life such as social development and physical activities decreases.Television is bound to have it tremendous impact on a child, both in terms of how many hours a week he watches TV and of what he sees. When a parent is concerned about the effects of television, he should consider a number of things what TV offers the child in terms of information and knowledge, how many hours a week a youngster his age should watch television, the impact of violence and sex, and the influence of commercials. What about the family as a whole? Is the TV set a central piece of furniture in your homeIs it flicked on the moment someone enters the evacuate house? Is it on during the daytime? Is it part of the background noise of your family life? Do you demonstrate by your own viewing that television should be watched selectively? Since television is clearly here to stay. it is important that parents manage their childrens TV viewing so that it can be a plus rather than a minus in the family situation. Violence on Television It has not yet been definitively proven that viewing violence on television will lead a child int o violent behavior.But even experts agree that its not good for a child to be exposed constantly, several hours a day, day later on day. week after week, to television violence. Research has shown that such exposure has at least four effects children may become less sensitive to the painfulness and suffering of others they may become more fearful of the world around them they may be more likely to behave in an aggressive mood toward other people they may get an unrealistic sense of the amount of true violence that exists in the world.One interesting theory is that children choose active violent programs because it gives them a feeling of activity with all the sensations of involvement while enjoying the safety and security of total passivity. They are enjoying a simulation of activity in the promise that it will compensate for the actuality that they are involved in a passive, one-way experience. http//www. english-test. net/forum/ftopic75922. html http//www. jamesabela. co. uk/e xams/sampleanswers/Parentingessay. pdf

Psycholinguistic: Linguistics and Language Essay

This study seeks to determine the relevance of the behavioristic and cognitive cominges for Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian prentices acquisition of side as a foreign quarrel (EFL). A special attention is given to learners in EFL programs at the University level. It also assesses the effectiveness of these startes on student in edition program as well. champion contention is that while behaviorist-inspired structuralist methodologies be best applicable at the beginning levels, revolutionalist/cognitivist approach contributes tried methodologies to enhance the learners written and spoken skills in advanced stages.Advances in interpreting foundation be achieved by a study of the go of interpretation with an emphasis on a deductive rather than an inductive approach. macrocosm Foreign wrangle t each(prenominal)ers have long been perplexed by a continuum of abundant psycho- lingual theories. One approach is the traditional method to jiffy/foreign row teaching and informatio n. This embodied the grammar translation method which developed at the end of the eighteenth century in Germany and spread throughout Europe (Howat, 1984).The randomness approach is the direct method that developed in the late nineteenth century as a reaction against the grammar-translation method (R. Carter, 1993). Prior to the time of Chomsky, secondary was cognize to the highest degree the process of second dustup acquisition, and thus (traditional approaches) were grounded in the linguistic, mental, and pedagogical theories of their day. (1) The author has conducted literature search through Educational Resources Index (Eric) was well as expressions Association (MLA) and Psychological.Abstracts (Psyclit). It has been noniced that about work, mostly dissertation, have dealt with the Saudi acquisition of specific linguistic features of L2, such as Morpheme acquisition Order (Al-Afaleg, 1991), Temporal Conjunctions ( no.r, 1991), face derivational Morphology (Al-Qadi 1992 ) Tense and Aspect (Farraj, 1995) and Second Language Relative Clauses (Maghrabi, 1997), and Studies on the psycho-linguistic theories of verbiage acquisition, specifically in relation to the Saudi learner of incline do not seem to exist.There argon four major theories of language acquisition and language training which many psycholinguists and applied linguistics are familiar withBehaviorism, neo- behaviouristic psychology, cognitivism, and humanism. The purpose of this article is to examine two of these theories Behaviorism (which is related to structuralism) and cognitivism (which is related to transformationalism) and then(prenominal) show the extent to which these two theories relate to language learning and special(a)ly to Saudi learners enrolled in EFL and translation programs in King Saud University. STRUCTURAL (BEHAVIORISTIC) VIEWThe psychological theory behind behaviorist linguistics was founded by J. B. Watson (1942). (2) The perfect behavioristic stand-point is ch aracterized by B. F. Skinners well-known study, Verbal Behavior (1957) which presents a theory of language learning even more firmly position in the court of Pavlovian animal behavior than the language theories of the Russian behaviorist rail which was itself greatly influenced by the work of Pavlov. The work that could be regarded as the basic doctrine of the structural school of linguistic theory was Leonard Bloomfields Language (1933).In this work, Bloomfield argued that the study of language could be pursued without reference to psychological doctrines and he took a firmly behavioristic line aimed at scientific objectivity. Bloomfield did not deny the role of meaning in language, but he objected to its grandeur in the study of language at a time when human knowledge of the vast range of semantic association attached to every linguistic form was so very little. Moreover, he viewed semantics as a subordinate element to the primary stimulus response relationship of verbal behavi or.To Bloomfieldians language is zero point but a function that the child comes to learn by imitation. In their draw of language acquisition, the child is exposed to linguistic data which he/she internalizes and then reproduces at a later stage. Language is thus wise(p) from outside, we learn it in the same way that we learn other habits. Learning a language is not very much different from the laboratory mouse learning to expect to be fed each time well-nighone rings a bell. (3) They believe that, a scientific theory must reject all data that are not directly observable or physically measurable.(4). To the behaviorists, habit formation is brought about through repetition, mimicry, and memorization. Thus no clear distinction seems to be made between learning the first language and the target language. To them linguistic habits, generalization and associations have to be reiterate using different data. Skinner (1957) based his whole theory of language acquisition and speech rea lization on the recognizable external forms of what Chomsky terms input and output and makes no allowance for any internal process of the organism.Stimulus and reinforcement (or reward) from the input and the verbal operant (or response) forms the output. The structuralists, whose views are related to behavioral psychology, see language as a finite list of ordered elements to which one can attach labels. They undertake a systematic analysis of structure. The teacher depends on such structural exposition as the distribution and combination of elements into a chain of speech. It is based on the process of substitution, the replacement of one unit by another unit of the same grammatical class. They follow a taxonomic approach in teaching.Their view is characterized by the insistence that language is learnt by the strength of habitual association and by the context generalization (i. e. general association). It is more of an inductive rather than a deductive system. The Swiss scholar F erdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), who is an associationist, believes that all language items are essentially interlinked. (5) He argues that language was like a game of chess, a system in which each item is defined by its relationship to all the otherslanguage is a carefully built structure of interwoven elements.(6) TRANSFORMATIONAL (COGNITIVE) VIEW The transformational (cognitive) theories, represented by Noam Chomsky have been acknowledged by linguists as a revolutionary contribution to linguistics, though Chomsky himself related his views to those of Hambolt and to rationalist philosophers of the Seventeenth Century such as Descartes. The school of thinking, which has developed around Chomskys ideas, has been variously termed Cognitive, mentalist, generative and transformationalist.His switchingal Analysis (1955), Syntactic Structures (1957), Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965), and Language and Mind (1968) are regarded as particular pioneer works of the new approach. The co gnitivists reject the views of the behaviorists. They believe that everybody learns a language, not because they are subjected to a similar conditioning process, but because they possess an inborn efficiency which permits them to acquire a language as a normal maturational process.This subject is by definition universalthe nature of language is such that it is hopeless to explain it without postulating an innate mechanism of a fairly well-defined kind. (7) They look for a universal grammar that contains universals relating to the deep-seated regularities characterizing all languages. For instance, subject and predicate, negative and adjectival forms are present in all languages because they are a universal feature, whereas the structuring and arrangement of these features belong to individual languages.The deep structure rules are limited by the grammar of each particular language. Universal grammar, according to Chomsky is a theory of the initial state of the language faculty, p rior to any linguistic experience. (8) To the cognitivist, children are born with an innate capacity for language development. The human brain is ready for language, in the sense that when children are exposed to speech, certain general principles for discovering or structuring language automatically begin to operate.These principles constitute, what Chomsky terms, a child language acquisition device (LAD). A child uses its LAD to make sense of utterances heard around it, derived from his primary linguistic data hypotheses about the grammar of the language-what the sentences are, and how they are constructed. This knowledge is then used to produce sentences that, after a process of trial and error, correspond to those in adult speech the child has learned a set of generalizations of rules, governing the way in which sentences are formed.(9) Chomsky emphasizes the linguistic creativity, that is .. the ability of human beings to produce and comprehend an infinite number of invigorate d sentences. (10) Basic to this reason, Comsky believes that Bloomfieldian linguistics was too ambitious in that it was unrealistic to expect to be able to lay down foolproof rules for extracting a perfect description of a language from a mass of data.It was too limited because it concentrated on describing sets of utterances which happened to have been spoken. (11) Whilst the structuralist lays emphasis on the rise structure (patternsetc.), the transformationalist lays emphasis on the processes of the deep structure the stress is on learning to learn the development of a strategy of learning rather than the accumulation of information and rules.The structuralist tends to overemphasize the surface forms and the development of rules and to neglect the meaning. Unlike the behaviorists who believe that if on that point is a response on that point must be stimulus, the transformationalists (cognitivists) argue that language acquisition is autogenic and that the milieu serves merely to trigger off a maturation process.Language comes primarily though the maturation that the environment triggers off and not through the environment itself. Erric Lenneberg, who is a cognitivist, also suggests that training is not necessary and that maturation is enough. His critical period hypothesis (1967) holds that language acquisition must occur before the onset of puberty in order for language to develop fully. (12) DISCUSSION Based on the contradictory views of the two schools, a brief discussion of how these views may relate to second language learning and teaching will be presented.This will be followed by a presentation (explanation) of the extent to which these views can apply to the case of the Saudi learner of English at the university level. From the preceding background, structuralism (behaviorism) seems to attribute the function of language to instruction and experience. A process of habit formation is brought about through repetition, mimicry, and memorization. Ther e is a little difference between learning a first language and a target language. Linguistic habits, generalizations, and associations have to be repeated using different data.Cognitivism, on the other hand proposes that the processes of second language acquisition are not identical to those of the first language acquisition although there are similarities. One of the similarities could be that L2 may need to be learned at the same time as L1. Nevertheless, considering the question of universal and maturation, since acquisition of an L2 requires certified control of learning and this cannot be handled at an early stage, transformationlists (cognitivists) hold that consciously controlled learning should be left to a much later stage, though there is no conclusive evidence to support this view.At this stage of analysis, it can be argued that, first, innate factors are less important for L2 learning than social factors of environment, motivation, and reinforcement. Second, a transform ational system can perhaps operate with autochthonic speakers of a language, but although it is too complicated and may be confusing to be applied in second language/foreign language teaching, certain aspects may be useful. For instance, identification of kernel sentences which are similar in different languages, could be economical. Transformation could work from the comparison of these kernel sentences.Third, due to abstract characteristics of some of the cognitive views, the structural acquisition technique is probably more practical for black-tie learning in the first stages of the second language, and the cognitive technique may assume greater importance in the more advanced stages. Fourth, while some trust should be given to Chomskys language acquisition device (LAD), which explains why children invent new terms that mean nothing to adults, its limitations become real when dealing with adults learning a second language.That is when linguistic interference causes serious ob stacles to second/foreign language learners. In such situation LAD will not be useful. Fifth, a structuralist method closely linked to Skinners stimulus-response-reinforcement theory of verbal behavior is the audiolingual approach which advocates the formation of the speech habits. Its feasible use can be realized through J. B. Carrols (1966) following basic terms such as a) Speech is primary, writing secondary, so the habits that are formed in language must be speech habits.b) Automatic response is best achieved by constant repetition. c) Automatic response is best achieved by constant repetition. Offshoots of this theory are the language laboratory, structural drill, imitation, and memorization techniques. (13) Finally, cognitive theory advocates the development in the student of a conscious control of the psychological, grammatical, and lexical patterns of a given second language. This can be achieved through study and analysis of these patterns so that facility in using language stems from the teachers understanding of its structure.The structural approach (as it employs behavioristic means) has remained useful in the teaching of English as a foreign language, most importantly to help the learner acquire good language basis. For Saudi EFL learners, the use of drills at the phonetic level is of great help especially when dealing with segmental items that cause either interlingual or intralingual errors. A Saudi learner not only fail to produce the voiceless stop /p/ and the voiced spirant /v/ but tends to replace them with his L1 segments /b/ and /f/ respectively.Similarly, the velar nasal / / as a phoneme occurring at the final position of a word like sing, long which causes some difficulties for the Saudi EFL learner where he replaces it with the sequence of the two phonetic segments /n/ and /g/, and the alveo-palatal affricate /c/, occurring in words like children and speech where, instead, he transfers his Arabic alveo-palatal fricative /s/. Emphasis o n drills will also enable the learner to reduce a possible interference of the Arabic syllable structure CVCV into the English structure.Since some Saudis tend to pronounce English words like against as *againist, and first as *firist. Structural (behavioristic) teacher can help in solving other problematic linguistic features such as agreement and word order which Saudi EFL learner encounter. Thus, patterns and exercises are needed to reduce erroneous forms such as *He play, they buyed, talls buildings, and hypercorrections such as * He cans, and She musts.The transformational cognitive orientation can be effective in the advanced stages of a foreign language acquisition. Thus, for Saudi students at the university higher levels, where advanced courses on linguistics and translation are offered, it is logical to assume that structural drills, repetitions, and memorization techniques will no longer be essential. At this level of advancement in the intimate knowledge of language and c ulture we may conceive a minimal level of interference from the native tongue (Arabic) of the learners.Yet, such aspects of the target language as deep structure and transformational rules will enable the Saudi learner to understand some of the idiosyncratic forms and double sentences. Transformational rules will reinforce the learners awareness of the syntactic and the semantic relations between various English linguistic patterns. Through these linguistic relations, learners can make inferences and develop some generalizations about the structure of English language. Communication strategies, conversation, and creative essay writing using cultural content will be more beneficial at these levels.With regard to the translation program, the analysis of source language texts that translators have to translate and the analysis of texts they have to create, a process of linking aspects from cognitivism with that of behaviorism should be observed. Negotiating the meaning of the source l anguage text is not just a sociolinguistic matter it is psycholinguistic as well. Saudi trainees in our translation program happened to have rendered the meaning of They are into the habit of splitting straws based on knowledge acquired through some behavioristic approach and produced a unfeigned erroneous translation outcome.This means that there is always much room for the smaller scale experimentation on the factors affecting the text conversion process. The transformation of a text originally in one language into an equivalent text in a different language demands that the content of the message and the formal features and functional roles of the original text should be retained. In this regard the Saudi trainees translated the verb laid in They laid him open to blackmail without any reference to a likely secondary meaning that the verb lay might imply.This approach supports the belief that much of our experience of the external world of the senses and of the inner world of the mind is liaise by language and by the concepts stored in our memories. These factors refer to entities via the convention of language and do so variably depending on the medium of communication (language used). It is the process that creates the translation outcome and it is only by understanding that process that we can hope to help our Saudi trainees to improve their linguistic skills.Having said that, it is difficult to see how translation theories can move beyond the subjective and the normative evaluation of texts without drawing heavily on aspects from both behaviorism an cognitivism. Translation theories have made little systematic use of the techniques and insights of contemporary linguistics. With this fact in mind, Saudi translation trainees should be trained within a framework that combines features from all branches of cognitivism and behaviorism.This entails developing in thetrainees performance and competence a familiarity with and a competence in the use of the psych ological and psycholinguistic models of memory and information processing on the one hand, and linguistic models of meaning, including meaning beyond the sentence on the other. Logic of the examples provided supra asserts the validity of some aspects of the two psycholinguistic views.Cognitive approach may operate with some specific semantic and pragmatic aspects of L2 by means of exploring features as cohesion, conceptual and connotative meanings, speech acts and kinetics. Such features should, at this stage, receive due consideration.CONCLUSION From the above analysis proceeds that with regard to language acquisition, behavioristic theory can provide much useful information concerning verbal responses and reinforcement. But it is inadequate to account for innate and cognitive features. Transformational theory, on the other hand, provides much useful information on the basic nature of the organism and its internal processes, but makes little or no account of stimulus-response-reinf orcement relationships. Unlike the cognitive approach, behavioral approach tends to manipulate the language and disregard the content.Despite the pedagogic significance of both theories, it seems that none of their approaches is bring about in itself. For one reason, the nature of the Arabic language has significantly different phonetic and grammatical structure from that of the English language. Due to this difference and as advocated by Smith (1987) there are far fewer areas of facilitation, and far greater areas of interference (14) The situation of the Saudi EFL learners at the university level requires an eclectic approach with feature aspects derived from the approaches stated earlier. This approach can guarantee more effective outcome at the pedagogical level.I believe the attitude, the age, and the aptitude of the learners are three factors that should be considered in second language acquisition. A combination of innate propensities and objective necessity create the mos t favorable attitude. All these factors, including the teaching strategies, stand for perfect variables in learning a foreign language. Relationship between communicative exchanges and syntactic forms alert the translator to the mechanisms that link the highly abstract and universal offer with the totally physical and context-dependent utterance or text.REFERENCES(1) Pica, T. P. Communicative Language Teaching An aid to second language acquisition? Some insights from classroom research. English Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1988. , (p. 70) (2) Malmkjaer K. (Ed. ) The Linguistics Encyclopedia, Routledge, Longon, 1991. , (p. 53) (3) Kebbe, Z. M. , Lectures in general Linguistics, An Introductory Course, Arabic Academic Press, Aleppo, 1995. , (p. 14) (4) Op. cit,(P. 53) (5) Aitchison, J. , Linguistics, Hodder Headline, London, 1992. , (p. 24) (6) ibidem (p. 24) (7) Wilkins, D. A. , Linguistics in Language Teaching, Edward Arnold, London, 1974., (p. 168-169) (8) Slakie, R. , The Chomsk y Update, Linguistics and Politics, Unwin Hyman, Ltd, London 1990. , (p. 19) (9) Crystal,. D. , The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Cambridge University Press 1987. (p. 234) (10) Op. cit. (p. 26) (11) Ibid. , (p. 26) (12) Brown, H. D. and Gonzo, S. , Readings on Second Language Acquisition, Prentice Hall. , p. 77, 1995. (13) Carrol, J. B. , The contribution of Psychological Theory and Educational Research to the Teaching of Foreign Language, in Trends in Language Teaching, Ed. , Valdmen, 1966. (14) Swan, M. and Smith, B. (Ed.)Learner English, Ateachers guide to interference and other problems, Cambridge University Press, 1987. , (p. 147) (15) Bloomfield, L. 1933 Language. London Allen & Unwin. (16) Chomsky, N. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 1965. (17) Chomsky, No. Syntactic Structures. The Hague Mouton, 1957. Afaleg, O. A Comparison of Morpheme Acquisition Order in Learners of English as a Foreign Language versus English as a Second Language The Case of Adult Learners in Saudia. Diss. Indiana Univesity, Bloomington, 1991. (18) Qadi, N. S. , Acquistion of English Derivational Morphology by Arab Speakers, Diss.University of Georgia, Athens, 1991. (19) Farraj. , A. M. Acquistion of Tense and Aspect in the English Based Inter-Language of Non-native Speakers, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 1995. (20) Noor, Hashim, The Acquisition of temporal Conjunctions by Saudi Arabian Learners of English, International Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 3, N. 1 (p. 101-2A), 1993. (21) Maghrabi, A. The Roles of Psycholinguistic Constraints and Typological Influence in the Acquisition of Pronominal Copies in Relativization by Arabic and English Learners, Thesis, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. , 1997.

Reflection Paper on the Movie the Flowers of War in Relation to Metaphysics and Ethics

Is life subsequently cobblers last possible? Are the things beyond our perceptions lie in a factual basis? Moral relativists would say whatever is slap-up to you is unless good for you, whatever is good to me, is good to me alone. So if we believe on things like heaven or hell ii defines weve neer been, never saw, hear, touch, smell or taste. No one would say we argon wrong, that such place does non exist, because for those of us who believe it does exist, in the mind which dejection understand and abstract ideas.The Chinese have released last year show evidences of people who believe on things sluice if it cannot be perceived, some lines in the movie reveal the characters strong conviction, they are not therefore skeptic, as well as different ethics on how they handle death, react on different situations, and how their attitude is affected by the war. Dont do anything foolish. So many people have died. Even hell is packed. Why should you add to the crowd -Yu Mo If the spe aker believes in hell, she probably believe in its opposite too. In terms of metaphysics it is life after death.Even if the person is no longer physically and mentally able to leaping signs of being conscious, as a part of a religion or belief this particular person still have a go at its on in a place called the after-death world or an otherwise part of the universe. become Ingleman, fly remote George Chen I cant have a priest staring at me spot Im sleeping. flush toilet moth miller The convent boy (George) was saying his last words for make Ingleman (the all in(p) priest). He was like talking to someone who is actually standing in front of him. They were treating the dead as if its still alive, that the priest is looking over them even if it is just a picture.For George on the other hand, he owes the priest his being alive, because he was just an orphan and for him flipping the picture would be like disrespecting the memories of Father Ingleman. A conversation between Sh u and his grow Mr. Meng, shows how deep love a parent can give his child even at war. Mr. Meng sacrificed himself to the Japanese by joining them even if it is unsafe for him to do so. Shus father thinks that through his action he could probably save himself and his daughter. Hed done it for his child, and it intentness him that his child cannot see his efforts to save her.Instead of being treated well, his child looked down on his father and regarded him as a traitor, despite the coldness that Shu shows to his father, Mr. Meng still managed to do what a father is expected to do for his child even if it meant putting himself to risk for risking himself is the least thing that he could do just as to protect and ensure that his child is secured. On burying the convent girls who died when the Japanese attempted to rape them, John Miller hoped that these girls wont be lonely because he will bury them to stupefyher.It shows that, he believes that those girls will live together somewher e, and by being together, they can live it happily. In this case, burial of the death will be the last kind thing that happened to them. Being buried formally, is like a solace, a privilege given, because not everyone gets a chance to be have a place to rest in times of war. I think I hear what your father is saying right now I think hes saying that youve done an incredible job taking care of the girls and that youre good, so good. John Miller This is when George Chen volunteered himself to fill up the thirteenth girl that needs to att set aside the party. He unselfishly did it to fulfill his promise to Father Ingleman that he will protect the girls no matter what it takes, even if it means dying or suffering in the hands of the Japanese.Even though the father does not have a physical entity he thinks that the priest is watching over him thats why he did not broke his promise to the priest even if he is no longer present. Even if Father Ingleman is dead, for George, this promise wi ll make the priest happy. On the first part of the reading by C. J Ducasse he said that when we all accept the fact that we are all going to die in some point of our lives we tend to help our fellows in this journey to make it easier, this act draws us close at hand(predicate) and makes us more sympathetic to each other. In the movie, when the convent girls were about to commit suicide, some of the Chinese prostitutes circumstantially volunteered themselves to go into the party. After the incident they had a debate on whether they would really go or not.They want pleasure. Thats what we do. We have experienced all kinds of men As long as we get out alive. We will find a way to survive. Yu Mo Even at first they were shy(p) of their decision because they thought that risking their lives was not worth it, eventually these women have accepted their fate. Even if they know something frightful might happen to them they did go anyway, they have sacrificed their lives just to save the p urity, innocence and most especially the lives of the convent girls. For them it would be like a trade? their lives which they think is already wasted, over the lives of the convent girls which can be made better, and lives in which they could live on to appreciate and experience all the good the world could offer in the future. Prostitutes never care about a falling nation. They sing and dance while others are dying we should do something heroic and change the old way of thinking. -Yu Mo Please tell him (John) the students cant end up in the hands of the Japanese. Otherwise my soldiers would have died for nothing Major Li With the heroic human activity that theyve done, the Chinese women and the soldiers realized that even if they could die at least they have done something good and their death would not mean nothing.It is an action that will live forevermore in the convent girls wagon and a memory that once in their lives someone surrendered in exchange of their freedom and the y would forever be grateful for they were given a chance to live longer. Until this day, I still dont know what happened to the women of the Qin Huai River, I never learned all their names and never saw them being taken away by the Japanese. So I always imagine I imagine myself standing by the large round window watching them walk in once again. Shu For Shu, the women will never be gone, because she didnt know what exactly happened to them, a part of her is still hoping that they are still and they will never be gone. These women will remain in her heart, because of the one thing theyve done not only for her exactly also to her friends. The women of the Qin Huai River never walked out of her life they just came in and never left even if they can no longer see them. In the film, we cannot deny the fact that the Japanese soldiers demonstrated brutality. For them, one shaft was not enough to kill people.In those times, their work ethics involves them being violent over opposite and even towards women. They dont value life anymore, as long as these civilians cross their lines, they are shot. To sum it up, the movie teaches the viewers different lessons. Sometimes, we should not be frightened to the idea of death. Because life comes only once, you should live it fully. Life is about living it. Its what you do while you are still able. It is also what you can do to help others. For some, the physical entity may perish, but the memories will retain in the hearts of the people you helped, and this is what matters.